Authors作者: Reyes Tirado and Janet Cotter
Greenpeace Research Laboratories
Summary 总结
Human-induced climate change is resulting in less and more erratic rainfall, especially in regions where food security is very low. The poor in rural and dry areas will suffer the most and will require cheap and accessible strategies to adapt to erratic weather. This adaptation will need to take into account not only less water and droughts, but also the increased chance of extreme events like floods.
雨水反复无常，是人类感应到气候变化的因缘，尤其是在食物保护非常低的国家。郊区和干旱地区的贫民受气候变化打击最严重，而必须寻求低价和可能获得的技术去适应气候的反复无常。在寻索技术的时候，还必须考虑减少用水和应对干旱，但也不能忽略诸如水灾等几率更多的灾变。
Biodiversity and a healthy soil are central to ecological approaches to making farming more drought-resistant and more resilient to extreme events. Resilience is the capacity to deal with change and recover after it. Practices that make soils better able to hold soil moisture and reduce erosion and that increase biodiversity in the system help in making farm production and income more resilient and stable.
生物多样性和健康的土壤是走入抗旱农业的核心生态。抗防是应变和灾后复原的能力，改善土壤可以提高保水和减低土壤侵蚀，系统内增加生态多样性可稳定农田的产量与收入。
Building a healthy soil is a crucial element in helping farms cope with drought. There are many proven practices available to farmers right now to help build healthy soils. Cover crops and crop residues that protect soils from wind and water erosion, and legume intercrops, manure and composts that build soil rich in organic matter, enhancing soil structure, are all ways to help increase water infiltration, hold water once it gets there, and make nutrients more accessible to the plant.
打造健康的土壤是抗旱的紧要因素。目前已有许多经过验证的农耕法可以建立健康土壤，即如覆盖作物和作物回田可以保护土壤侵蚀和遭受风袭，作物交栽，粪便与堆肥即可丰富土壤有机质，改善土壤结构，都是协助增加水渗透，保水并使营养运输更容易。
In order to feed humanity and secure ecological resilience it is essential to increase productivity in rain-fed areas where poor farmers implement current know-how on water and soil conservation. Ecological farms that work with biodiversity and are knowledge-intensive rather than chemical input-intensive might be the most resilient options under a drier and more erratic climate.
为了供养人类和保护生态的永续性，在贫穷农民仍延用传统知识保护水源和土壤的地区增加产能是无可厚非的，以生态多样性进行作业的生态农田，在技术上比化学密集的农场更加强调知识集中，也可能是多旱多变气候，具有弹性的最佳选择。
In addition to the ecological farming methods described above, continued breeding of crop varieties that can withstand drought stresses and still produce a reliable yield is needed. Many new drought-tolerant seeds are being developed using advanced conventional breeding, without the need of genetic engineering. There are already examples of drought-resistant soybean, maize, wheat and rice varieties that farmers could start taking advantage of right now. On the other hand, genetic engineering technology is not well suited for developing drought-resistant seeds.
为了加强上述生态农耕法，继续培育抗旱与产量稳定的品种是必需的，许多抗旱品种是以传统培育法进行开发，而无需基因工程的参与。目前已有许多例子证明具有抗旱特性的黄豆、玉米、麦类和米的品种是农民可以选用的，此外基因工程也不适合开发抗旱种子。
Drought tolerance is a complex trait, often involving the interaction of many genes, and thus beyond the capability of a rudimentary technology based on high expression of few well characterised genes. There is no evidence that genetically engineered (GE) crops can play a role in increasing food security under a changing climate.
抗旱是复杂的特性，经常涉及许多基因的互动，因此超越了只能了解少量特征良好的基因之高反应，知识与能力皆处于初阶的科技。目前没有证据显示基因工程品种可以在气候变化的环境中扮演增产的角色。
Above is the report’s summary. The full report can be downloaded at 以上为被告的总结，全篇报告可以浏览下列网址：http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/publications/reports/Ecological-farming-Drought-resistant-agriculture/
THIRD WORLD NETWORK INFORMATION SERVICE ON SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
No comments:
Post a Comment